Monday, 29 December 2014

Kinds of Writing (Writing Assignments)

Check Also :

Writing assignments
There seem to be so many different kinds of writing: novels, poems, short stories, scripts, letters, essays, reports, reviews, instructions . .. all quite different. But they’re all writing. They all have the basic aim of getting ideas from one brain into another. Any piece of writing will be trying to do at least one of the following things: 
  • Entertain—it doesn’t necessarily make the readers laugh, but it at least engages their feelings in some way.
  • Inform—it tells the reader about something.
  • Persuade—it tries to convince the reader of something.
In the real world these purposes overlap. But a good place to start writing is to ask: What is the basic thing I want this piece of writing to do?
 
Writing to entertain
     Think what it’s like to be a reader—you can be entertained (emotionally gripped) by something very serious, even sad, as well as by something funny. An exciting plot can involve your emotions, too, by creating feelings of suspense. Writing that involves emotions can also be reflective and contemplative.
      Writing to entertain generally takes the form of so-called ‘imaginative writing’ or ‘creative writing’ (of course, all writing requires some imagination and creativity). Examples of imaginative writing are novels, stories, poems, song lyrics, plays and screenplays. 
Sometimes imaginative writing disguises itself as a ‘true story’ for added effect. For example, The Secret Diary of Adrian Moleby Sue Townsend disguises itself as a journal, whileDear Venny, Dear Saffron
Trying to put writing in categories can make you crazy, but it gets you thinking about what you’re
trying to do.
For imaginative writing you can make things up. by Gary Crew and Libby Hathorn disguises itself as letters. As readers, though, we know that they’re not really journals or letters—these are just devices the writer has used to make the writing more entertaining.
 
Writing to inform
These kinds of writing can also be ‘entertaining’ in the sense that they’re a good read. But entertaining the reader isn’t their main purpose—that’s just a bonus. Examples of writing to inform are newspaper articles, scientific or business reports, instructions or procedures, and essays for school and university. 

Writing to persuade 
This includes advertisements, some newspaper and magazine articles, and some types of essay. This type of writing might include your opinion, but as part of a logical case backed up with evidence, rather than just as an expression of your feelings. I mentioned above that imaginative writing occasionally pretends to be a true story, but if you’re writing to inform or persuade, you shouldn’t make things up

I hope you enjoy it.... see you in other posting
Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Saturday, 27 December 2014

Games in Vocabulary

CHECK ALSO :
           Vocabulary is a basic foundation of learning new language but sometime memorizing vocabulary is such pain in the ass, quite hard to remember it wont stay in our brain forever.
          In this case many researchers try many methods and technique and the most suggested is using GAME that can stimulate our LONG TERM MEMORY in other word the words that we learned will stay for good.
I will will write down some of games relate how to improve your vocabularies.
Suggested games:
Ambiguous picture:draw a small part of a picture. Ask the students what it is going to be. Encourage different opinions. Do not confirm or reject their ideas. Add a little more to the drawing and ask the question again. Build your picture in about four stages.

Association:start by suggesting an evocative word:" storm", for example. A student says what the word suggests to him or her-it might be "dark", and so on round the class. You might start with any other word or use an item of vocabulary the class has recently learnt.
 
Crosswords:ask a student to write a word of not more than five letters in the middle  of the board, for example, "melon". The letters should be written clearly and separately. Now think of a word which shares one letter with the word on board. Give students a clue to your word. For example," I like reading them". If somebody guesses: books" he or she writes the word soit crosses the first word and shares a letter. The students now take over.
 
Favorite words:write on the board one of your favorite words. Tell the class it is one of your favorite words and explain why. Tell students to write down some of their favorite words and then give their reasons for choosing them to their neighbor.
 
Feel the object:collect various objects from the students and from around the room. Put the objects in a bag. Hold the bag and then ask students to feel the objects and try to identify them.
 
How many things can you think of that….?In groups, students try to think of and note down as many things as they can that fit a given definition and that they know in English. For example, you might tell them to think of as many items as they can that work on electricity. After two or three minutes have a competition to see which group can think of the most items.
 
Invisible elephant:tell the students that you are going to draw a picture for them. Draw the outline of an elephant, a car, a man, a bird… in the air with your finger. Ask them what you have drawn. Encourage different interpretations.
 
Jumbled words:write on the board words the students have recently learnt, with the letters in jumbled order. It is best to have the words all associated with one given theme; otherwise the task of working them out can be too difficult and timeconsuming. For example, you can give an elementary class a set of words like: (gdo, sumoe, owc, knymoe, tac, tnhpeeal, ibdr). Tell them these words are all animals.
 
Match the adjectives:write three adjectives on the board. For example: important, dangerous, heavy. Ask students to suggest things which can be described by all three adjectives.
 
Match the people: write a list of about ten jobs on the board. Each student writes down a list of ten ideas, feelings, memories, etc. he or she associates with one of the jobs listed. The students then work in pairs, and each student studies his or her neighbors' list and tries to guess which job the list refers to. The students then confirm or reject the guess and explain why he or she put each word in the list.
 
Recalling words:write on board between 15 and 20 words the students have recently learnt, or that you think they know. Make sure all the words are understood. Give a minute for everyone to look at them, then erase conceal them. Individually, or in pairs or groups, the students try to recall as many as they can and write them down. 

Vocabulary steps: draw a series of steps on the board. Take any set of concepts which can be graded objectively. For example, metals can be graded according to value. Animals can be graded to how dangerous they are. 

Thanks for Reading see you in other posting >>>>>>>>>>! :D
Posted by at No comments:
Labels: ,

Sunday, 21 December 2014

Twilight Novel By Stephenie Meyer

 CHECK ALSO :

Twilight is a Eclipse and Part II of Breaking Dawn being told from the viewpoint of character Jacob Black, a werewolf. The unpublished Midnight Sun is a retelling of the first book, Twilight, from Edward Cullen's point of view. The novella The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in Eclipse, was published on June 5, 2010, as a hardcover book and on June 7 as a free online ebook. The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide, a definitive encyclopedic reference with nearly 100 full colour illustrations, was released in bookstores on April 12, 2011
series of four vampire-themed fantasy romance novels by American author Stephenie Meyer. It charts a period in the life of Isabella "Bella" Swan, a teenage girl who moves to Forks, Washington, and falls in love with a 104-year-old vampire named Edward Cullen. The series is told primarily from Bella's point of view, with the epilogue of
          " Bella Swan has just moved from Phoenix, Arizona that the majority of hot climates to Forks, Washington that the majority of the rainy weather to live with her ​​father, Charlie, after his mother, Rene, married and living with her ​​new husband, Phil, a baseball player. After moving to Forks, Bella finally drawn to a mysterious handsome young man, who was his classmate in Biology, Edward Cullen, who turns out to be a vegetarian vampire (vampire who drinks the blood of animals, not humans). Edward has the ability as well as other vampires (strong, fast, when exposed to direct sunlight, the body glistening eyes and at a certain moment can change the color) in addition edward also has a talent to be able to read people's minds other.But he was not able to read minds bella . At first, Edward tried to stay away from Bella because Edward always feel tempted when inhaling the scent of Bella's blood. But over time eventually Edward can overcome these problems and then they fall in love with each other, which makes the school to talk about them. One time, Bella was invited to see the Cullen family playing baseball. Unexpectedly, suddenly there came a group of nomadic vampires consisting of James (the vampire with a talent track), Victoria (vampire instincts incredible escape terrific and a pair of James), and Laurent. Once met with Bella, James had started Bella's blood. All members of the Cullen family unite to save Bella. Bella fled to Phoenix, Arizona with Alice (the vampire with a talent to see the future) and Jasper (vampires to control the feelings of talent around him and a couple of Alice). When fled to Phoenix, Bella set up by James. Fortunately Edward and his family soon realized loss of Bella and immediately rushed to go to save Bella. Edward arrived just in time and managed to save Bella, after which they immediately returned to Forks and attend school prom diselenggrakan by their New Moon"

                                                     CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD 

https://www.4shared.com/office/nSfdu4R2ba/1_Twilight_-_StephenieMeyer.html
 CHECK ALSO :


Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

What is VERB

  • to eat         to write           to sing
The “to” form is called the infinitive. It’s the one they used to tell us not to split.
Verbs can be
one word                                     He finished the work yesterday.
                                                    I have the tools you want.
                                                   This tea is awful!
two words                                   Sam is coming. (or Sam’s coming)
                                                   Sam is not coming.
                                                   He was running round in circles.
                                                   Have you started yet?
three words                                 I’ll be seeing them later. (will be seeing)
                                                   That chapter has been printed already.
                                                   She will have finished by then.
more than there                           By September theywill have been living here for two years.

Verbs and their subjects
Every finite verb has what is called a subject. That’s the person or thing that does the action. It will be a noun or a pronoun, and in an English statement it comes before the verb. To find the subject of a verb, therefore, you simply need to ask yourself Who?or What?before the verb. Whodunnit! In the examples that follow, the subjects are circled and the verbs are underlined.
  • In 1987 they left the city.
  • Graham drives a vintage Holden.
  • I think the train arrives at three.
In questions we either reverse the order:
  • Is she here?
  • Were you sick this morning?
or divide the verb into two parts, separated by the noun or pronoun that is the subject.
  • Did they go home?
  • Do the Johnsons live here?
  • Can she do it?
  • Was the cat sleeping on your bed again?
Finite verbs
We have already said that a finite verb has a subject, and that the subject is the doer of the action.
Look at the following sentence.
  • Thinking he heard a knock, he went out to check.
In this sentence there are four words that suggest action: thinking, heard, went, check. Are they all finite?
We can eliminate check because it has to in front of it, so we already know it is an infinitive. Do the other
three have clear subjects? We ask Who?orWhat? before each one. There is nothing at all before thinking,
so we can eliminate it too.* That leaves heard and went. Who heard? Who went? Each of these is preceded
by the pronoun he. So each has a subject, and each is
complete. Both, therefore, are finite.
Verbs and their objects
As well as subjects, verbs often haveobjects(but not always). The object is the person or thing having the action done to it, so again it will be a noun or a pronoun. Look at two of our earlier sentences again. 
  • In 1987 they left the city.
  • Graham drives a vintage Holden.
More examples:
  • Take the medicine every morning.
  • He forgot the map and lost his way.
If a verb has an object it is called a transitive verb. If not, it’s called an intransitive verb. (Predictable.) 
The objects we have just looked at are direct objects. There are alsoindirect objects. They too will be either
nouns or pronouns. 
  • I gave him the letter.
In this sentence the letter is the direct object, and himis the indirect object. You can work out the next three for yourself.
• Then the officer asked me three questions.
• Did Sue give her mother the flowers?
• I’ll tell you the answer later.

Verbs active and verbs passive
Some verbs are said to beactive. With active verbs the subject actually performs the action.
  • He arrived in an old blue truck.
  • I hope she gets here soon.
  • When will they be coming?
  • They live in Oodnadatta.
  • We were watching the news when Helen came.
Some verbs are said to be passive. With passive verbs the subject has the action done to it. Isn’t this a direct
contradiction of what we said before? The sentences that follow should help.
  • The old blue truck was still driven regularly.
  • Has the parcel been sent yet?
  • These shoes were made in Brazil.
  • All the documents will be shredded.
We use both forms in everyday speech. Why the two forms? When do we use the passive form?
  • When the action is more important than the doer. (I’m afraid his arm has been broken.)
  • When we don’t know the doer, or it doesn’t matter.(These shoes were made in Brazil.)
  • When we don’t want to accuse anyone. (My book’s been torn.)
  • In wide-ranging general statements. (Football is played all over the world.) 
  • In public notices and formal documents.(Trespassers will be prosecuted.) 
  • In scientific writing.(The test was administered three times.)
Verbs and their tenses
Whichever language we speak we need some way of indicating when an action is done. Some languages,
including English, do this by altering the forms of their verbs. We call these forms tenses, and the different
verb-endings, like the different endings for nouns and pronouns, are called inflections. Consider the following sets of sentences. For convenience we will use the pronoun I for the subject of the verb each time. You can work out the forms for the other subjects such as he, we, they and so on, if they differ.
  • I lived there ten years ago.
  • I had lived there before I met him.
  • I did live there.
These are all ways of indicating something happening in the past.What about the present?
  • I live there.
  • I’m living there at present.
  • I do live there.
  • I have lived there.
(This “past” has a present significance.)
What about the future?
  • One day I will live there.
  • I’ll be living there then.
  • I’m going to live there next year.
  • By December I will have lived there two years.
Bigger grammar books will have names for all these verb forms, so you can look them up if you need to. Your target language may have a simpler verb system than English has, but if it does it will have other ways
of showing time. On the other hand, it may have far more complex verbs than English has.

Regular verbs? Irregular verbs?
The verb to live, which we have just looked at, is a regular verb in English. Maybe you have never thought
about bits of language being regular or irregular. But consider:
         I live             I lived             I have lived
         I help            I helped          I have helped
         I consider     I considered    I have considered
These verbs are regular. They “obey the rules”.
But
       I write            I wrote          I have written
       I eat               I ate              I have eaten
       I sleep           I slept            I have slept
       I drive           I drove           I have driven
These verbs are not at all regular. They go their own individual ways.

Participles
There are two other verb forms in English that you may find it useful to know about. They are called participles. There are present participles and past participles. Present participlesare easy. They’re the -ing forms.

Add-ing to any English verb and you have a present participle. Use a present participle along with am, is, are, was, were, have been etc and you get the continuous tenses:was going, are sailing, am trying and the rest. Past participles are less simple. The regular ones  just take -ed as an ending, or-d if they already end in e. The irregular ones do their own thing, so we get eaten, written, gone, driven, had, drawn and scores of others.

Participles by themselves are not finite. We don’t use them by themselves. We don’t say, for instance, he drawn, I eaten.The fact that we do say,he worked and they helped simply shows that with regular verbs the past participle and the simple past tense are identical. You will learn to recognise them by their functions in context.

Auxiliaries
More jargon. Look at this sentence:
  • He will be staying there for three weeks.
The complete verb in the sentence iswill be staying.You already know thatstaying is a present participle. The words will and be are called auxiliary verbs. In primary school they used to be called helping verbs. If you look back at other verbs we have discussed you will recognise other auxiliaries,have and am to name
just two.
Most auxiliaries are also finite verbs in their own right when they are used alone, but auxiliaries when they are
used in conjunction with participles.

Imperatives
These are the verbs for instructions and commands. They don’t take different forms in English, but they may
in other languages. There are two examples
Here are some more:
  • Watch your step!
  • Beat the butter and sugar together.
  • Put your toys away, please.
  • Take the next turn to the right.

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Saturday, 20 December 2014

What is PRONOUNS

Check Also :
Pronouns
Conversation would sound very strange if we had no pronouns. These are the words we use when we want to refer to people or things without continually repeating their names. If we really wanted to, we could say:
  • I saw Snoopy this morning. Snoopy came early to get Snoopy’s books.
It’s much more convenient to use some pronouns:
  • I saw Snoopy this morning. He came early to get his books.
Below is a table ofpersonal pronouns, arranged according to “person”. You will work out what “person” means in grammar as you study the table.


A case of case

If you are learning another language, then depending on what it is, you may very soon hear aboutcase. You will encounter it in relation to nouns and pronouns. Modern English doesn’t worry very much about case, but we do have some vestiges of old cases in our pronouns, so we’ll use them to illustrate.
 
When a small child says, “Me like Timmy”, we smile, knowing that the little speaker will soon pick up the correct form and say, “I like Timmy” (provided of course that Timmy remains in favour). In grammatical terms the child has made a mistake in case, using the object form me instead of the subject form I. 

(With this in mind, think about the growing tendency to say things like, “Her and her mother do the shopping together.” Would we say, “Her does the shopping”?) The table on the previous page shows other forms for pronouns besides subject and object, but beyond these, English does very little in the matter of case. Some languages have different forms, usually shown by different word endings, not only for subject and object, but for other purposes as well. The differing endings are called inflections, and English, over the centuries, has dropped most of its noun and pronoun inflections in favour of other ways of showing meaning.
 
As well as personal pronouns, there are also

Relative pronouns
who     whose     whom      which     that 

We use these in contexts such as
  •  I’ve just met the man who designed it.
  •  Isn’t that the boy whose story was on TV?
  •  The book that they really want is out of print.
The relative pronoun whom is not very popular these days, but it is still used in formal contexts.
  • To whom should we direct our complaint? 
We often omit whom, which and that
  • She’s the one (whom) we want to see.
  • Here are the cakes (which or that) you ordered.
And there are

Interrogative pronouns, the same words as the relative pronouns, but with different functions.
  • Whose is this desk?
  • Which cup do you want?
and indefinite pronouns
anyone              somebody              everything            etc
Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

CAPITALIZATION (Capital Letters)

Check Also :

Capital letters can be confusing. When should I
use them? When shouldn’t 
I use them?
Oh dear. Local advertisers and those who write public notices are using initial capitals all over the place,
especially where they aren’t needed, while those who love texting have just about stopped using them
altogether.
Look at this advertisement.
  • Trade Courses Online. Creative, Student Focused, Varied, Comprehensive Instruction From Qualified and Experienced Teachers. Many Trades to Choose From.
Why all the unnecessary capitals? Are they for emphasis? Does the writer want to tell us that every word is very important? Here’s another. This notice was on a ferry. It had no punctuation at all.
  • Please Do Not Leave Personal Belongings Unattended The Crew Will Not Accept Responsibility For Any Loss Or Damage
What about:
Musicians
did you know?
You can Try, Buy
& Learn in the one Place!
What’s wrong?
       Unnecessary capitals. There are two sentences in this ad, and no personal names, so only two capitals are needed, one at the beginning of each sentence. A comma after Musicianswould improve it too. 
But some advertisers have gone to the opposite extreme, perhaps under the influence of texting. How about this one?
                                                        need insurance?
                                   there are insurance experts just down the street.
                                                                   us.
                                                      we’re there for you.
Is the writer simply trying to be trendy? Trying to present something catchy? Trying to be independent?
Trying to show that advertisers are aboveallthe rules? Wouldn’t it make more sense to write:
                                                  Need insurance?
                                There are insurance experts just down the street.
                                                           Us!
                                               We’re there for you.

Do we need capitals for the following items?
• Names of people Yes
Tom, Dick and Clementine, Mr Brown
• Names of places Yes
France, Victoria, Geraldton
• Names of groups of people Yes
French, Awabakal, Japanese
• Names of languages Yes
Indonesian, German, Mandarin
• Names of everyday things No
house, computer, cat
• Names of months and days Yes
August, Monday, Anzac Day
• Street and road names Yes
York Street, Oxley Highway, the name of your own
street
• Special landmarks, buildings, etc Yes
The Sydney Harbour Bridge, The Eiffel Tower, The
Great Barrier Reef
• Names of religions Yes
Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism
• Literature, music, art, films Yes and No
Usually capitals for the first word and the main words, small letters for the rest. Perhaps the best advice for book titles is to follow what is printed on the title page, or the page near it which gives publication details. Authors sometimes make their own decisions on this matter, and sometimes the designer or typesetter may have some influence.
Examples:
The House at Pooh Corner, The Secret River, The
Moonlight Sonata, The Times Atlas of the World.
• Initials of organisations Yes
RSPCA, UNICEF, AFL
• Official personal titles Yes and No
Caps for main words, lower case for the rest.
The Mayor of Hobart, The Prime Minister of
Australia, Sir Walter Raleigh
• Scientific names of plants and animals Yes and No
The generic (first) name always has a capital, the
specific (second) name doesn’t. Both are always in
italics.
Eucalyptus haemastoma, Mus musculum
• Names of people, places or trademarks that have become ordinary words No biro, laptop, velcro, bandaid, vegemite
• Words we want to emphasise No, no, no
In print, use boldoritalics. In handwriting, underline.
Catchy advertising that deliberately mimics kids’ handwriting and deliberately confuses caps and lower case letters doesn’t help us! It doesn’t help children either.

Capitalization Rules for English & Indonesian







English Examples
Capitalization Rules the Same for Both Languages
Indonesian Examples (Contoh)



Life is good. Aren't words fun?
Initial letter of first word in sentence
Aku cinta rupiah.
God, Islam, Buddha, Jehovah
Initial letter of a religion, religious figure and religious objects
Tuhan, Al Quran, Islam, Yang Maha Esa; Hindu
Sir Henry, Lord Nelson; Your Highness
Initial letter of title of respect when used with name
Haji Abdul Kadir, Pangeran Diponegoro, Iman Hanafi
President Clinton, Speaker of the Senate
Initial letter of title when followed by name of person
President Soekarno, Gubernor Iman Utomo
Joe, Bill, Sue, Nancy, IndoDic, TruAlfa
Initial letters of proper names
Gramedia, Insanuddin, Indodic,
London, Germany, Spanish, Negro, Hispanic
Initial letters of names of places, languages, ethnic groups
Inggris, bahasa Indonesia, Batak, suku Jawa
Monday, July, Halloween, Labor Day
Initial letter of days of week, months, holidays & historical events
Senin, Juli, Idul Fitri, Hari Lebaran, Hari raya
Mount Vesuvius, Niagara Falls, Ayers Rock
Initial letters of geographic places when used with name itself
Gunung Merapi, Selat Malaka, Danau Toba
Dr., Mr., Sr.
Initial letters of titles abbreviated
Dept. Pendidikan; Dr., Ir.,Prof.
Mother Teresa
Initial letters of personal pronouns when used in respectful way
Pak Beng, Ibu/Bu, Paman, Saudara
Dear Sir:, Sincerely Yours; Best Regards;
Salutations and closings of letters
Saudara
TEFL, UN, APEC, NASA
Acronyms usually
ABRI, TNI, BUMN, PBB, KKN, ASEAN



English Only Rules

Indonesian Only Rules
Personal pronoun "I" always capitalized

1st letter of 1st word in direct quote in quotation marks


Personal pronoun "Anda" always capitalized



English Examples- Not Capitalized
Rules - When to Not Capitalize
Indonesian Examples Not Capitalized
to, from, for, the, a, an, the
1. certain short words in titles that aren't in first position
di, ke, dan, yang, untuk
french fries, polish sausage
2. names aren't capitalized when used in descriptive names
gula jawa, pisang ambon, bawang bombai

3. Capital letter not used for names that have prefixes added
mengindonesiakan


Posted by at No comments:
Labels: ,
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)