Saturday, 20 December 2014

What is ADVERB

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ADVERB
1 .What Is an Adverb?
Adverbs act as modifiers. The prefix “ad-” in the word adverb means “to,” “toward,” or “in addition to.” An adverb is a word that is used with a verb to expand its meaning.
Adverbs add to or modify the meaning of verbs and are classified as adverbs of time,location, manner, degree, and frequency.
Adverbs have many jobs to do. This section of the chapter introduces the main job adverbs perform: to modify verbs. Later in the chapter, we will cover how adverbs are used to modify both adverbs and adjectives.
2 Five Groups of Adverbs That Modify Verbs
Adverbs of Time
          Adverbs of time tell when an action happened, happens, or will happen. Some of the most commonly used adverbs of time include early, today, now, yesterday, before, soon, and tomorrow.
 
Adverbs of Location
Adverbs of location tell where an action happened, happens, or will happen. Here are some examples of adverbs of location: above, inside, here, there, and everywhere.
Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of manner tell how something happened, happens, or will happen. Some commonly used adverbs of manner are loudly, carefully, well, quickly, and slowly.
Adverbs of Degree
Adverbs of degree tell to what extent an action happened, happens, or will happen. Here are some examples of this group of adverbs: completely, nearly, too, almost, very, and fully. The examples above show the importance of understanding adverbs: They tell you that the action did not happen in the end. Not just hit, but nearly hit. Not just forgot, but almost forgot.
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency tell how frequently an action happened, happens, or will happen. Some commonly used adverbs of frequency are always, often, sometimes, seldom, and never. These five groups of adverbs are the most commonly used adverbs that modify verbs.
3 Adverbs Used to Form Questions
The question words that help you to identify the time, location, or manner of an action are called interrogative adverbs. “When,” “where,” and “how” are used to form questions. They help you to identify the time, location, or manner of an action.
4 Placement of Adverbs
The placement of adverbs can vary greatly. Adverbs are usually placed directly after the verb. However, as the example I almost forgot my flippers shows, adverbs can also be placed before a verb. In the sentence She walked around the pool carefully, the adverb is placed after an object noun.
5. When Adjectives Become Adverbs
Most adjectives become adverbs by adding the suffix -ly. This -ly suffix is a useful indicator to help you identify adverbs. Even though the majority of adverbs are formed by adding –ly to an adjective, not all adverbs have this suffix. Some examples of adverbs that cannot be identified as adverbs by looking at a suffix are seldom, again, soon, almost, fast, and now.

6.  When Adverbs Modify Other Adverbs
The meaning of an adverb can be made stronger by adding a second adverb.
In the examples below, the adverbs very and really are used to modify other adverbs.
7.  When Adverbs Modify Adjectives
“Too” and “very” are commonly used adverbs of degree.They can modify adjectives as well as other adverbs.
Adverbs can be used to add more meaning to adjectives thatdescribe a noun. Here is an example, expanded step by step. In this example, the adverb very modifies the adjective bad. It explains to what extent Ben is a bad swimmer.
      Adverbs of degree can modify both other adverbs and adjectives.
8. Comparison with Adverbs and Adjectives
The form of an adverb or adjective sometimes changes to show degrees of quality. In grammar, these changed forms showing a difference in degree constitute the comparative form. There are three degrees of comparison in English:
1. The positive degree of an adjective or adverb describes a noun without comparing it to anyone or anything else.The positive degree of an adverb or adjective does not make a comparison.
2. The comparative degree shows that the quality as expressed by the adjective or adverb exists to a greater degree.
3. The superlative degree shows that the quality as expressed by the adjective or adverb exists to the greatest degree.
When adverbs or adjectives are used to compare, they change form or add new words to indicate degrees of quality.
There are many other forms of adjectives and adverbs not mentioned in this summary. Make sure you continue to expand this list in order to use comparatives correctly.
Reference.
Betty Scrhamfer Azar 1995: Basic English Grammar. Longman. USA
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