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Capital letters can be confusing. When should I
use them? When shouldn’t
use them? When shouldn’t
I use them?
Oh dear. Local advertisers and those who write public notices are using initial capitals all over the place,
especially where they aren’t needed, while those who love texting have just about stopped using them
altogether.
Look at this advertisement.
Oh dear. Local advertisers and those who write public notices are using initial capitals all over the place,
especially where they aren’t needed, while those who love texting have just about stopped using them
altogether.
Look at this advertisement.
- Trade Courses Online. Creative, Student Focused, Varied, Comprehensive Instruction From Qualified and Experienced Teachers. Many Trades to Choose From.
Why all the unnecessary capitals? Are they for emphasis? Does the writer want to tell us that every word is very important? Here’s another. This notice was on a ferry. It had no punctuation at all.
- Please Do Not Leave Personal Belongings Unattended The Crew Will Not Accept Responsibility For Any Loss Or Damage
What about:
Musicians
did you know?
You can Try, Buy
& Learn in the one Place!
What’s wrong?
Unnecessary capitals. There are two sentences in this ad, and no personal names, so only two capitals are needed, one at the beginning of each sentence. A comma after Musicianswould improve it too.
Musicians
did you know?
You can Try, Buy
& Learn in the one Place!
What’s wrong?
Unnecessary capitals. There are two sentences in this ad, and no personal names, so only two capitals are needed, one at the beginning of each sentence. A comma after Musicianswould improve it too.
But some advertisers have gone to the opposite extreme, perhaps under the influence of texting. How about this one?
need insurance?
there are insurance experts just down the street.
us.
we’re there for you.
Is the writer simply trying to be trendy? Trying to present something catchy? Trying to be independent?
Trying to show that advertisers are aboveallthe rules? Wouldn’t it make more sense to write:
Need insurance?
There are insurance experts just down the street.
Us!
We’re there for you.
Do we need capitals for the following items?
• Names of people Yes
Tom, Dick and Clementine, Mr Brown
• Names of places Yes
France, Victoria, Geraldton
• Names of groups of people Yes
French, Awabakal, Japanese
• Names of languages Yes
Indonesian, German, Mandarin
• Names of everyday things No
house, computer, cat
• Names of months and days Yes
August, Monday, Anzac Day
• Street and road names Yes
York Street, Oxley Highway, the name of your own
street
• Special landmarks, buildings, etc Yes
The Sydney Harbour Bridge, The Eiffel Tower, The
Great Barrier Reef
• Names of religions Yes
Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism
• Literature, music, art, films Yes and No
Usually capitals for the first word and the main words, small letters for the rest. Perhaps the best advice for book titles is to follow what is printed on the title page, or the page near it which gives publication details. Authors sometimes make their own decisions on this matter, and sometimes the designer or typesetter may have some influence.
Examples:
The House at Pooh Corner, The Secret River, The
Moonlight Sonata, The Times Atlas of the World.
• Initials of organisations Yes
RSPCA, UNICEF, AFL
• Official personal titles Yes and No
Caps for main words, lower case for the rest.
The Mayor of Hobart, The Prime Minister of
Australia, Sir Walter Raleigh
• Scientific names of plants and animals Yes and No
The generic (first) name always has a capital, the
specific (second) name doesn’t. Both are always in
italics.
Eucalyptus haemastoma, Mus musculum
• Names of people, places or trademarks that have become ordinary words No biro, laptop, velcro, bandaid, vegemite
• Words we want to emphasise No, no, no
In print, use boldoritalics. In handwriting, underline.
Catchy advertising that deliberately mimics kids’ handwriting and deliberately confuses caps and lower case letters doesn’t help us! It doesn’t help children either.
need insurance?
there are insurance experts just down the street.
us.
we’re there for you.
Is the writer simply trying to be trendy? Trying to present something catchy? Trying to be independent?
Trying to show that advertisers are aboveallthe rules? Wouldn’t it make more sense to write:
Need insurance?
There are insurance experts just down the street.
Us!
We’re there for you.
Do we need capitals for the following items?
• Names of people Yes
Tom, Dick and Clementine, Mr Brown
• Names of places Yes
France, Victoria, Geraldton
• Names of groups of people Yes
French, Awabakal, Japanese
• Names of languages Yes
Indonesian, German, Mandarin
• Names of everyday things No
house, computer, cat
• Names of months and days Yes
August, Monday, Anzac Day
• Street and road names Yes
York Street, Oxley Highway, the name of your own
street
• Special landmarks, buildings, etc Yes
The Sydney Harbour Bridge, The Eiffel Tower, The
Great Barrier Reef
• Names of religions Yes
Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism
• Literature, music, art, films Yes and No
Usually capitals for the first word and the main words, small letters for the rest. Perhaps the best advice for book titles is to follow what is printed on the title page, or the page near it which gives publication details. Authors sometimes make their own decisions on this matter, and sometimes the designer or typesetter may have some influence.
Examples:
The House at Pooh Corner, The Secret River, The
Moonlight Sonata, The Times Atlas of the World.
• Initials of organisations Yes
RSPCA, UNICEF, AFL
• Official personal titles Yes and No
Caps for main words, lower case for the rest.
The Mayor of Hobart, The Prime Minister of
Australia, Sir Walter Raleigh
• Scientific names of plants and animals Yes and No
The generic (first) name always has a capital, the
specific (second) name doesn’t. Both are always in
italics.
Eucalyptus haemastoma, Mus musculum
• Names of people, places or trademarks that have become ordinary words No biro, laptop, velcro, bandaid, vegemite
• Words we want to emphasise No, no, no
In print, use boldoritalics. In handwriting, underline.
Catchy advertising that deliberately mimics kids’ handwriting and deliberately confuses caps and lower case letters doesn’t help us! It doesn’t help children either.
Capitalization Rules for English & Indonesian |
||
English
Examples
|
Capitalization
Rules the Same for Both Languages
|
Indonesian
Examples (Contoh)
|
Life is
good. Aren't words fun?
|
Initial
letter of first word in sentence
|
Aku cinta rupiah.
|
God,
Islam, Buddha, Jehovah
|
Initial
letter of a religion, religious figure and religious objects
|
Tuhan, Al Quran, Islam, Yang Maha Esa; Hindu
|
Sir Henry,
Lord Nelson; Your Highness
|
Initial
letter of title of respect when used with name
|
Haji Abdul Kadir, Pangeran Diponegoro, Iman
Hanafi
|
President
Clinton, Speaker of the Senate
|
Initial
letter of title when followed by name of person
|
President Soekarno, Gubernor Iman Utomo
|
Joe, Bill,
Sue, Nancy, IndoDic, TruAlfa
|
Initial
letters of proper names
|
Gramedia, Insanuddin, Indodic,
|
London,
Germany, Spanish, Negro, Hispanic
|
Initial
letters of names of places, languages, ethnic groups
|
Inggris, bahasa Indonesia, Batak, suku Jawa
|
Monday,
July, Halloween, Labor Day
|
Initial
letter of days of week, months, holidays & historical events
|
Senin, Juli, Idul Fitri, Hari Lebaran, Hari raya
|
Mount
Vesuvius, Niagara Falls, Ayers Rock
|
Initial
letters of geographic places when used with name itself
|
Gunung Merapi, Selat Malaka, Danau Toba
|
Dr., Mr.,
Sr.
|
Initial
letters of titles abbreviated
|
Dept. Pendidikan; Dr., Ir.,Prof.
|
Mother
Teresa
|
Initial
letters of personal pronouns when used in respectful way
|
Pak Beng, Ibu/Bu, Paman, Saudara
|
Dear Sir:,
Sincerely Yours; Best Regards;
|
Salutations
and closings of letters
|
Saudara
|
TEFL, UN,
APEC, NASA
|
Acronyms
usually
|
ABRI, TNI, BUMN, PBB, KKN, ASEAN
|
English
Only Rules
|
Indonesian
Only Rules
|
|
Personal
pronoun "I" always capitalized
|
1st letter of 1st word in direct quote in
quotation marks
|
|
Personal pronoun "Anda" always
capitalized
|
||
English
Examples- Not Capitalized
|
Rules - When to Not
Capitalize
|
Indonesian
Examples Not Capitalized
|
to, from,
for, the, a, an, the
|
1. certain
short words in titles that aren't in first position
|
di, ke, dan, yang, untuk
|
french
fries, polish sausage
|
2. names
aren't capitalized when used in descriptive names
|
gula jawa, pisang ambon, bawang bombai
|
3. Capital
letter not used for names that have prefixes added
|
mengindonesiakan
|
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